Int. J. One Health Vol.9 Article-16
Review Article
International Journal of One Health, 9(2): 181-193
https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2023.181-193
Integration of water, sanitation, and hygiene program with biosecurity: A One Health approach to reduce the prevalence and exposure of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the livestock community
2. Environmental Engineering and Management Program, The School of Vocational Studies, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
3. Environmental Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
4. Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Background and Aim: The global spread of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health and is one of the main causes of this problem. Livestock farming plays a significant role in the horizontal and vertical transmission of treatment-resistant genes and bacteria. These processes involve contact with agricultural products and the environment, raising concerns for public health, and farming communities. The farming community is composed of a staggering 608 million farms worldwide, and their livelihood depends heavily on livestock farming. To address this issue, a multidisciplinary One Health approach focusing on integrated monitoring and intervention for humans, animals, and the environment is essential. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) programs have the potential to significantly reduce the risk of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, by obstructing the transmission route between humans and animals. Additional risk reduction measures for ESBL E. coli infection in animals include vaccination and biosecurity program implementation. Water, sanitation, and hygiene and biosecurity measures must be combined to maximize the effectiveness of the One Health program. Therefore, this study aimed to describe recent advances in biosecurity and WaSH interventions in the livestock environment, analyze the effects of these interventions on human and animal health, and investigate potential future scenarios within the quantitative microbial risk assessment framework. This study used an integrative literature review through searches of four databases, a review of World Health Organization documents through websites, and an examination of relevant texts from previously obtained reference lists. Although hygiene and sanitation are often combined, there is still a lack of quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of integrating WaSH with biosecurity in livestock. In addition, the integration of the WaSH program with biosecurity has potential as a One Health intervention in the coming years.
Keywords: antibiotic-resistant bacteria, biosecurity, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli, One Health, scenario, water, sanitation, and hygiene.
Received: 18-08-2023 Accepted: 05-12-2023 Published online: 28-12-2023
Corresponding author: Yudith Vega Paramitadevi E-mail: yudith.vega@ui.ac.id
DOI: 10.14202/IJOH.2023.181-193
Copyright: Paramitadevi, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.