Effects of Sauropus androgynus extract and its combination with ampicillin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro study

Research Article

International Journal of One Health, 6(2): 128-133

https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2020.128-133

Asih Rahayu¹, Chylen Setiyo Rini², Yos Adi Prakoso¹, Bagus Uda Palgunadi¹, and Muhammad Aris Munandar²

1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
2. Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Health, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: The massive utilization of antibiotics has increased resistant genes produced by bacteria. Many bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have become resistant against ampicillin (AMP). The combination of an herbal extract with AMP is expected to generate synergistic effects and may restore the susceptibility of MRSA against AMP. This study aimed to analyze the potency of Sauropus androgynous extract (SAE) as a single extract and combination with AMP against MRSA.

Materials and Methods: Sauropus androgynous was extracted using 60% ethanol. SAE biochemical compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were tested against MRSA isolates to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration. The inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins 2a (PBP2a) was analyzed using a latex agglutination test. Further, the disruptive membrane effects of SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis of data was conducted using SPSS version 16 with p=0.01.

Results: SAE contained bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. Further, 2 mg/mL of SAE could be used as the potential concentration against MRSA isolates in vitro. In addition, the utilization of SAE+AMP generated synergistic effects, restored the susceptibility of isolates against AMP, decreased the synthesis of PBP2a by the MRSA, and induced ultrastructural changes in the bacterial membrane.

Conclusion: This study indicated that the utilization of SAE potentially inhibits the growth of MRSA through decreasing of PBP2a expression, disruption of the MRSA membrane, while the combination of SAE+AMP showed synergistic effects against MRSA. Keywords: ampicillin, herbal extract, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Sauropus androgynus, ultrastructure.

Keywords: ampicillin, herbal extract, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Sauropus androgynus, ultrastructure.

How to cite this article: Rahayu A, Rini CS, Prakoso YA, Palgunadi BU, Munandar MA (2020) Effects of Sauropus androgynus extract and its combination with ampicillin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro study, Int. J. One Health, 6(2): 128-133.

Received: 23-04-2020 Accepted: 22-07-2020 Published online: 14-09-2020

Corresponding author: Bagus Uda Palgunadi E-mail: bagusuda24@gmail.com

DOI: 10.14202/IJOH.2020.128-133

Copyright: Rahayu, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.