Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) poultry farms in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Research Article

International Journal of One Health, 5: 26-30

https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2019.26-30

Iliya Dauda Kwoji¹, Jasini Athanda Musa¹, Nubwa Daniel², Dauda Luka Mohzo³, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus⁴, Abiodun Andrew Ojo¹, and Kingsley Uwakwe Ezema⁵

1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.
2. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.
3. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.
4. Department of Veterinary Public health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Pathumwan Bangkok, Thailand.
5. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.

Background and Aim: This study investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri.

Materials and Methods: A total of 96 cloacal swab samples were collected. This comprised of 24 samples each from broiler chicks, pullets, layers, and broilers (adults). The samples were examined for the presence of E. coli using conventional microbiological culture and biochemical tests. The pure E. coli isolates were screened for ESBL production by culturing onto BrillianceTM ESBL agar. Isolates that showed positive reactions with production of bluish or pinkish colonies were tested for susceptibilities against some selected beta-lactam antibiotics which include cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cefpodoxime (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), and ceftazidime (30 μg). Isolates that exhibited resistance to any two or three of the antibiotics were selected and confirmed by combination disk diffusion method with ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (30 μg/10 μg).

Results: The total occurrence of E. coli was 67.6% (65/96) with the highest occurrence of 83.3% (20/24) from broiler chicks and least detection of 54.2% (13/24) from layers. Of this, 32.0% were ESBL-producing E. coli with the highest detection rate from layers (38.5%) and least occurrence from pullets (26.7%).

Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in chickens from small-scale commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri, thus indicating that chickens may serve as important reservoirs for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain. Keywords: antimicrobials, chickens, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Escherichia coli, Maiduguri.

Keywords: antimicrobials, chickens, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Escherichia coli, Maiduguri.

How to cite this article: Kwoji ID, Musa JA, Daniel N, Mohzo DL, Bitrus AA, Ojo AA, Ezema KU. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) poultry farms in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int J One Health 2019;5:26-30.

Received: 15-01-2019 Accepted: 27-02-2019 Published online: 27-03-2019

Corresponding author: Iliya Dauda Kwoji E-mail: kojdail28@unimaid.edu.ng

DOI: 10.14202/IJOH.2019.26-30

Copyright: Kwoji, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.