Open Access
Research (Published online: 27-03-2019)
4. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) poultry farms in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Iliya Dauda Kwoji, Jasini Athanda Musa, Nubwa Daniel, Dauda Luka Mohzo, Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus, Abiodun Andrew Ojo and Kingsley Uwakwe Ezema
International Journal of One Health, 5: 26-30

Iliya Dauda Kwoji: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.
Jasini Athanda Musa: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.
Nubwa Daniel: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.
Dauda Luka Mohzo: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus: Department of Veterinary Public health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Pathumwan Bangkok, Thailand.
Abiodun Andrew Ojo: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.
Kingsley Uwakwe Ezema: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria.

doi: 10.14202/IJOH.2019.26-30

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Article history: Received: 15-01-2019, Accepted: 27-02-2019, Published online: 27-03-2019

Corresponding author: Iliya Dauda Kwoji

E-mail: kojdail28@unimaid.edu.ng

Citation: Kwoji ID, Musa JA, Daniel N, Mohzo DL, Bitrus AA, Ojo AA, Ezema KU. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) poultry farms in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Int J One Health 2019;5:26-30.
Abstract

Aim: This study investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri.

Materials and Methods: A total of 96 cloacal swab samples were collected. This comprised of 24 samples each from broiler chicks, pullets, layers, and broilers (adults). The samples were examined for the presence of E. coli using conventional microbiological culture and biochemical tests. The pure E. coli isolates were screened for ESBL production by culturing onto BrillianceTM ESBL agar. Isolates that showed positive reactions with production of bluish or pinkish colonies were tested for susceptibilities against some selected beta-lactam antibiotics which include cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cefpodoxime (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), and ceftazidime (30 μg). Isolates that exhibited resistance to any two or three of the antibiotics were selected and confirmed by combination disk diffusion method with ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (30 μg/10 μg).

Results: The total occurrence of E. coli was 67.6% (65/96) with the highest occurrence of 83.3% (20/24) from broiler chicks and least detection of 54.2% (13/24) from layers. Of this, 32.0% were ESBL-producing E. coli with the highest detection rate from layers (38.5%) and least occurrence from pullets (26.7%).

Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in chickens from small-scale commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri, thus indicating that chickens may serve as important reservoirs for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain.

Keywords: antimicrobials, chickens, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Escherichia coli, Maiduguri.

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